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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

Anti-inflammatory effects of Mitragyna speciosa

Anti-inflammatory effects of Mitragyna speciosa

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Inflammation is a response to pathogens, chemical, or based onneurogenic loops. The methanolic solution of Mitragyna speciosa has anti-inflammatory properties. Intraperitoneal administration of an M. speciosa extract was able to inhibit the development of a carrageenaninduced paw oedema with a maximal inhibition during first 3 h after the challenge. The solution may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the synthesis, release and action of a number of hyperalgesic mediators. Thereby, it suppresses the early phase of acute inflammation. Arachidonic acid and its metabolites can be responsible for the inhibitory activity of the extract for a period of 4 h. Daily administration of the M. speciosa extract was also able to inhibit the growth of granuloma tissue as characterized by proliferation of modified macrophages, fibroblasts and highly vascularized and reddened mass tissue. (Zurina, 2013)

Kratom leaf and Kratom extracts have been shown to mildly inhibit the body’s ability to feel pain, as well as having mild, anti-depressant, and muscle relaxant effects. The key word here, is mild. For most humans, the painkilling effect of Kratom was on par with over the counter medications like aspirin or ibuprofen.

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Side effects of Maend Da

From a practical standpoint, taking five grams of Kratom instead of a few hundred milligrams of aspirin, is not going to make sense for most people. If it simply possessed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, nobody would be interested in Kratom.

Besides the aforementioned mild pain relief, it was noticed a slight opiate-style body high, and a very pronounced mood elevation. We would imagine that Kratom could successfully be used as an anti-depressant. It also has a stimulant effect that is unlike prescription opiates and generally the opposite of anti-depressants. At lower doses, I didn’t have the drowsy feeling that would normally accompany a traditional opiate-based painkiller.

From a practical standpoint, Kratom probably has very little potential as a “social” drug. Dumping a tablespoon of powder in your mouth isn’t really the same as passing a joint, and putting ten grams of powder into capsules can get time-consuming.

Some users have say that the pain relief allows them to train harder, heavier, and for longer. So anecdotally, we could say that a strong trend for the use of Kratom (as a painkiller) athletics…

With that in mind, Kratom has proven effective in alleviating withdrawal symptoms from central nervous system depressants like opiates and alcohol, and I would suspect that it has utility in treating addiction to painkillers also.

You could train using kratom, and you cannot notice any change in either soreness or recovery and it didn’t seem to have any effect on strength or stamina. This is partly why it’s gotten popular with athletes, because although it appears to work on the opioid receptors to dull pain, it doesn’t seem to negatively inhibit performance.

Despite its popularity, there are still some unanswered questions regarding its potential side-effects. Research in this area is lacking, although there strong evidence to suggest that case reports of negative effects have been greatly influenced by user polypharmacy (i.e. people damaging their bodies, or even dying with Kratom in their system, were almost always found with traces of something else in their system).

The spoil-sports over at the World Anti-Doping Agency have already placed Kratom on their monitoring list, and its use is banned in competition (its most logical use for performance enhancement). Naturally, it can be detected in urine, but a typical employer or sporting organization isn’t testing for it.

Unfortunately, the legal status of the herb is somewhat up in the air. The FDA has issued an import alert (meaning they’ll stop it at the border if anyone tries to bring it in), though it’s not illegal or banned per se.

On the state level, Tennessee, Vermont, New Jersey, and Wyoming have banned it’s sale, but that’s irrelevant if someone buys it online from another state. There is more restrictive legislation in the works, and a lobbying group has been started by Kratom sellers and enthusiasts to keep it (sort of) legal.

 

The various alkaloids that it contains and it complex interactions together promote these health benefits to its users. Some of the alkaloids which specifically help in giving the herb its anti-inflammatory properties are:

  • Epicatechin: Its antioxidant properties can promote overall health.  Its interactions with the lipid system can also improve longevity. Its physical performance benefits stem from its mitochondrial enhancement properties. Epicatechin promotes a lean body composition as well. Epicatechin can promote healthy visual and spatial memory by upregulating genes associated with learning.

It also has the following properties- Antioxidant, antihepatitic, antiaggregant, antiseptic, antidiuretic, anti-mutagenic, antiperoxidant, and antiviral.

  • Rhynchophylline: This anti-inflammatory alkaloid comprises of about 1% of the total alkaloid content of the leaf. It is rich in other properties like- Vasodilation, antiaggregant, antihypertensive, antipyretic, calcium channel blocker, anti-arrhythmic and anthelmintic.

 

References:

– http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/epicatechin.php

– Zurina, H., Mustapha, M., “From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: Physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37,  pp. 138-151, 2013.

– https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648761

Kratom extraction methods and effects

Kratom extraction methods and effects

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Mitragynine is the main alkaloid present in Mitragyna speciosa leaf with opioid agonistic activity. The mitragynine content in Mitragyna speciosa leaves varied from place to place depending on the geographical location and season. The mitragynine content of Thai M. speciosa was 66% of the total alkaloids while the Malaysian species contained only 12% of the total alkaloids. This necessitates finding a simple, fast and reproducible method to obtain mitragynine from Malaysian species of M. speciosa. Currently, several methods are available for the extraction and isolation of mitragynine from Mitragyna speciosa leaf. These extraction and isolation methods published have their own advantages and disadvantages. Most of these methods commonly employs soxhlet extraction method using methanol as solvent to obtain the crude extract of M. speciosa leaves. However, these methods were very slow and require days to obtain crude extract of M. Speciosa. The extract obtained by these methods were sticky, agglutinated and might need sonication to facilitate the extraction of mitragynine from the crude extracts. (Goh,2011)

Most of the Kratom extracts are made in water. They are categorized as 5x, 10x and 15x, 20x, 25x, etc. which shows how much leaf is used to make it by weight. The extraction has made it very soft so that when it is added to warm water, it dissolves within minutes. (Goh,2011)

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Side effects of Maend Da

For home made water based extraction, you need 200mg of fresh Kratom which is already finely grounded with no visible veins.

  • First step is the addition of water which is enough saturate Kratom. This step requires experience and needs a careful watch. No lumps are to be made while mixing in water.
  • After adding water, the mixture is heated to obtain boils along with continuous stir. Wooden spoons are preferred to be used.
  • Juice of one fresh lemon or lime can be mixed which helps to extract the alkaloids out of leaves powder. As this mixture is boiled, the lemon juice is evaporated which means it makes no difference to the taste. However, it enhances the taste.
  • After boiling the mixture for 20-30 minutes, you can turn the flame off and let it settle when it takes the shape of a syrup like paste.
  • Kratom and lime mixture is to be filtered for which you can use a muslin bag which will help only the liquid with infused Kratom to pass. If you are using crushed leaves, a strainer can work for filtration too.
  • Rubber gloves are advised to be used in straining step since the liquid is very hot, it might burn the hands.
  • The leftover solid Kratom can be shifted back to the cooking pot along with more lime juice, re-boiled and re-strained to extract the reaming alkaloids.
  • The boiled and filtered water is rest aside in a flat dish which makes the water evaporate.
  • When most of the water is evaporated, the result is thick paste of Kratom, it might take 1-2 days depending on the consistency of the mixture.
  • After one day or two, it takes the shape of a semi-sold and finally a solid but breakable shape. It can be molded to form tablets, grounded with pestle and mortar to make powder or can be used as it is by breaking a small part and dissolving it in tea.

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From 200mg Powder Kratom, the pure extract can be achieved of 35-40 grams. You can make your ingredient count for obtaining the desired concentration.

In Malaysia and Thailand, the leaves are traditionally used to treat intestinal infections, muscle pain, to reduce coughing and diarrhea. M. speciosa preparations have been used by Malay and Thai natives for its opium and coca-like effects to enhance tolerance for hard work under the hot sun. According to Burkill (1935), the earliest reports of Kratom use in Malaysia date back to 1836, when its use as opium substitution was reported. Holmes (1895) later confirmed this and identified the leaves as those from the M. speciosa tree. In the nineteenth century, M. speciosa was reported to work as an opium substitute in the treatment of opium addiction in Malaysia and Thailand. (Zurina, 2013)

A researcher reported withdrawal effects after M. speciosa consumption. Several researchers described the medical use of the Kratom leaves in Thailand had been used to replace morphine in addicts during detoxification in treatment programmes. Kratom has weaker effects than morphine with a shorter duration. Recently two surveys in Malaysia and one in Thailand among current users in the community have been published. These studies also found that Ketum/Kratom was used to increase physical endurance and as a cheaper substitute for opiates. In Thailand, M. speciosa preparations are consumed by the three wheeled motorized ‘taxis’ as an amphetamine substitute. In Western societies, plant preparations are easily accessible from the local coffee shops and web-based ‘legal highs’ pharmacies. This had enticed many consumers there to use the plant as selftreatment in modulating opiate withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal, and chronic pain. In fact, it is a cheaper alternative to the established opioid-replacement therapies and is obtainable without medical prescription. (Zurina, 2013)

There is a general effect of ‘cocaine-like’ stimulation in small doses, while at high doses ‘morphine-like’ sedation and nausea are reported. Several studies suggestthat M. speciosa preparations have analgesic, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, euphoric, anti-depressant, and anxiolytic effects. They may work as immune booster, lower blood pressure, and have anti-viral, diabetes- and appetite suppressing. Besides this, they can also cause anorexia, dry-mouth, diuresis and constipation after long term use at high doses. While there was no evidence of a dosage increment among long-term and repeated users, withdrawal symptoms were reported which suggest an addiction potential. (Zurina, 2013)

These symptoms range from hostility, aggression, aching of muscles and bones, jerky movements of the limbs, and anorexia to weight loss and insomnia. Long term effect of the consumption can also cause darker skin although the user remained indoors. The darker skin is due to the increase in the melanocyte-stimulating substance. It was suggested that in particular mitragynine may increase the production of melanocytestimulating substance. Long term users were reported to be thin with distended stomachs, unhealthy complexions, dark lips and dry skin. (Zurina, 2013)

 

References:

 

  • Goh, T. B., Mohamed, R. H., Mohamed, J., S., Mohd, N., ” A SIMPLE AND COST EFFECTIVE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION PROTOCOL OF MITRAGYNINE FROM MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA KORTH (KETUM) LEAVES”, The Malaysian Journal Of Analytical Science, 15, pp. 54-60, 2011.
  • Zurina, H., Mustapha, M., “From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: Physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 37, 138-151, 2013.

 

Mitragyna Speciosa: Could This Be the Answer to America’s Opioid Epidemic?

Mitragyna Speciosa: Could This Be the Answer to America’s Opioid Epidemic?

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As the pharmaceutical companies continue to push narcotics onto Americans, the rate for addiction and death has almost tripled over the last decade. According to the World Drug Report in 2012, “It is estimated that between 26.4 million and 36 million people abuse opioids worldwide,1 with an estimated 2.1 million people in the United States suffering from substance abuse disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers in 2012 and an estimated 467,000 addicted to heroin.”2 According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of overdose deaths involving opioids rose from 28,647 in 2014 to 33,091 in 2015.3

  • Heroin overdose deaths rose from 10,574 in 2014 to 12,990 in 2015, an increase of 23 percent.
  • Overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone rose from 5,544 in 2014 to 9,580 in 2015, an increase of 73 percent. This category of opioids is dominated by fentanyl-related overdoses, and recent research indicates the fentanyl involved in these deaths is illicitly manufactured, not from medications containing fentanyl.
  • Taken together, 19,885 Americans lost their lives in 2015 to deaths involving primarily illicit opioids: heroin, synthetic opioids other than methadone (e.g., fentanyl), or a mixture of the two.
  • Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids, excluding the category predominated by illicit fentanyl, rose only slightly from 16,941 in 2014 to 17,536 in 2015, a 4% increase.
  • NOTE: A portion of the overdose deaths involved both illicit opioids and prescription opioids.3 

   

       Fig.1

The total number of opioid pain relievers prescribed in the United States has skyrocketed in the past 25 years. The number of prescriptions for opioids (like hydrocodone and oxycodone products) have escalated from around 76 million in 1991 to nearly 207 million in 2013, with the United States their biggest consumer globally, accounting for almost 100 percent of the world total for hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin) and 81 percent for oxycodone (e.g., Percocet).4

Recently, the DEA and FDA began working together to crack down on the amount of opiates distributed in America by physicians and pharmaceutical companies; such as hydrocodone, oxycontin and morphine. “Fourteen billion opioid pills are now dispensed annually in the United States – enough for every adult American to have a bottle of pills. Certainly, the pharmaceutical industry is at fault for decades of misleading information about their products and the medical community bears responsibility for its role in over-prescribing these dangerous and addictive drugs, but we remain deeply troubled by the sheer volume of opioids available – volumes that are approved by DEA.”5

Kratom Is a Surprising Answer to This Terrifying Dilemma

Kratom is neither a drug nor an opiate. It is a deciduous tree that grows natively in Southeast Asia and has been used for its healing properties for centuries. The leaves of the plant contain dozens of alkaloids that can produce both stimulation and sedation as well as euphoria in those that ingest it. 7-hydroxymitragynine and Mitragynine are the most active alkaloids contained within the herb and are believed to be responsible for most of the effects that it produces.  Mitragynine (the most plentiful alkaloid) is an opioid agonist, meaning that it is drawn toward the opioid receptors in the brain. In the brain of an addict, those opiate receptors begin to ‘cry out’, so to speak, for that drug. Kratom’s unique alkaloid 7-hydroxymitragynine bind to those needy receptors and ease the withdrawal symptoms by tricking the brain into thinking it has found its fix.

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Side effects of Maend Da

A dose of Kratom can help to relieve the unpleasant side effects of the withdrawal by attaching its alkaloids to the delta-opioid receptors in the brain.  Although opiate drugs bind to the mu-opioid receptors, the mitragynine’s unique ability to attach to the delta receptors can relieve withdrawal symptoms without the risk of further dependency, thus alleviating these common withdrawal symptoms:

  • Anxiety
  • Muscle aches
  • Increased tearing
  • Insomnia
  • Runny nose
  • Sweating
  • Yawning
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Dilated pupils
  • Goose bumps
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Agitation

The effects can be felt in as little as ten minutes and can last six hours or more, depending on the type of Kratom and how much was taken.  Kratom will not produce extremely strong euphoric feelings like opiates do, but it can soothe an opiate addiction successfully, and is a much safer and healthier alternative to methadone or suboxone.

All Kratom types affect the opioid receptors in some way and can provide relief from withdrawal symptoms.  The most popular choice for addicts are the red vein strains due to their sedating and strong pain-relieving qualities. At high doses, almost any type of Kratom will provide sedation, however the red strains are generally better suited for withdrawal symptoms.  White vein Thai, Red vein Borneo, Red vein Thai and Red vein Malay are all popular strains for this purpose.7

When using Kratom for opiate withdrawals, it is important to remember to monitor your dosing closely. Using Kratom for this purpose will require a higher dose than someone who was just using it to enhance their mood or treat mild pain.  While Kratom is not addictive, it can be habit forming.  In larger quantities, kratom can cause ill effects; such as nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness. Do not use more than recommended. Below is the general Kratom dosing guide.  Most Kratom users reach their desired effects in the mild and moderate ranges, however a heavy opiate user may need to use doses in the strong and very strong range to ease their withdrawals.  This, of course, is determined by the quantity and type of narcotics the person is used to consuming, their body composition, the strain of Kratom and other unique variables.  It is always safest to use the smallest amount of Kratom to ease your symptoms.  As time passes, you can lower your dose and use Kratom more sporadically.7

Strength Dose Effect
     
Threshold
1-3 grams
subtle
Mild 2-4 grams stimulant-like
Moderate 3-6 grams stimulant or sedative-like
Strong 6-10 grams more sedative/euphoric
Very Strong 8-15 grams very sedative/euphoric

The above table represents an ‘average’ amongst Kratom users and should only be used as a guide. Results vary from person to person and from plant to plant based on many factors8

[1]https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/legislative-activities/testimony-to-congress/2016/americas-addiction-to-opiods-heroin-prescription-drug-abuse.html

[2]UNODC, World Drug Report 2012. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WdR-2012.htm[3] https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/08/continued-rise-opioid-overdose-deaths-2015-shows-urgent-need-treatment

[4]International Narcotics Control Board Report 2008.United Nations Pubns. 2009. Pg.20

[5]https://www.painnewsnetwork.org/stories/2016/10/4/dea-cutting-opioid-supply-in-2017

[6] https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000949.htm

[7] http://kratomrevealed.com/kratom-for-opiate-withdrawal-definitive-guide/

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Kratom Maeng Da: An extended research of user’s experiences

Kratom Maeng Da: An extended research of user’s experiences

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                  What is Maeng Da? Many people have been using it since the ancient times as a medical remedy and nowadays it is well known for its medicinal properties as well as an opioid. Are you looking to find out about users experiences, possible side effects or addiction danger. The following article is an extended research of information from scientific papers, blogs and forums, written in a simple way in order to help you get an unbiased idea about Maeng Da.

All around Maeng Da: An extended research of user’s experiences

 

There is plenty of information online about Mitragyna speciosa Korth, commonly known as Kratom, a drug made from the leaves of a tree that has activity at opioid receptors. Although it has been used as a remedy since the ancient years in several Asiatic countries, the last years it has become easily available via the internet and has been known mostly for the therapy of chronic pain, as a drug of abuse, as well as a means to reduce opioid tolerance. Among the different strains of Kratom that are available, Maeng Da is well known as the most powerful one.  Maeng Da has three different varieties, the green, the white and the red. However, trying to find which strain is the best one to use, for what purpose and at which dose it is really confusing. There are numerous websites, forums and blogs that write about Maeng Da user’s experiences, as well as about several ways of preparing it and consuming it. Here we tried to summarize not only the medicinal benefits of Maeng Da, but also its hidden dangers as well as the effects that it had to the health or the psychology of several users.

The debated properties of Kratom

Starting with the medicinal properties of Kratom and as mentioned in previous articles1.2 and scientific studies3-6, it is well known for its pain relief/analgesic action, for minimizing the withdrawal symptoms of both opiate addiction and alcoholism, for boosting the immune system, for giving the sense of euphoria, as anxiolytic (Anti-anxiety), anti-leukemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial drug, for fighting depression and insomnia, for the enhancement of concentration, or even for lowering the blood sugar content. However, there are quite some studies, articles and forums that talk about hepatotoxicity7,8, pulmonary or kidney injury9, cardiotoxicity10, thyroid injury11 or even seizures and coma12. Altogether, available data currently suggest both, a therapeutic as well as an abuse potential of Kratom.

The effects of Maeng Da vary due to several factors!

Focusing again on Maeng Da and, keeping in mind that it is a plant that contains more than 40 different alkaloids, as well as depending on where and what season it was harvested, its content in active biochemicals may vary a lot. Furthermore, depending on the body weight and the physical condition of each consumer as well as on the dose and the preparation method of Maeng Da the effects can be different from person to person. According to experimental data in mice13, Mitragynine the main indole alkaloid of Maeng Da, appears to be relatively safe at lower doses (1–10 mg/kg) but induces signs of toxicity after prolonged exposure to higher doses (sub-chronic 28 days: 100 mg/kg). In Table 1 there is a summary of the effects of the main alkaloids in Maeng Da according to several scientific studies.

Table 1. Summary of the effects of the main alkaloids in Maeng Da (modified from Hassan et al. 2013).

Alkaloid Effect Reference
Mitragynine Analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, adrenergic, antimalarial Hooper (1907); Field (1921); Lee et al. (1967); Ponglux et al. (1994)
Paynantheine  Smooth muscle relaxer Ponglux et al. (1994)
Speciogynine Smooth muscle relaxer Lee et al. (1967); Shellard, 1974; Shellard et al. (1978b);Ponglux et al. (1994)
7-Hydroxymitragynine Analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal Ponglux et al. (1994)
Speciociliatine Weak opioid agonist  Lee et al. (1967); Ponglux et al. (1994)

 

Registered advantages of Maeng Da

As we can notice from Table 1 and as it is also known from publicly available data, Maeng Da has many therapeutic uses and has been used for its medicinal properties for a long time. For instance, in Malaysia and Thailand, the leaves were and are still traditionally used to treat intestinal infections, muscle pain, to reduce coughing and diarrhoea14-19. Furthermore, the replacement of morphine from Kratom in addicts during detoxification in treatment programmes has been described from Norakanphadung since 196620 although it is important to mention that Kratom has weaker effects than morphine with a shorter duration. Another interesting effect of Kratom studied from Kumarnsit  et al. in rats treated with M. speciose extract was the suppression of food and water intake as well as the reduction of weight gain21.

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Side effects of Maend Da

In 2014 two research groups from Malaysia and Germany, conducted a survey on 293 regular Kratom users from the northern part of Malaysia in order to measure Kratom dependence, withdrawal and craving22. They found that more than half of the regular users (above 6 months of use) developed severe Kratom dependence problems, while 45% showed a moderate Kratom dependence. Regarding the physical symptoms they noticed that most of the users commonly experienced muscle spasms and pain, sleeping difficulty, watery eyes/nose, hot flashes, fever, decreased appetite, and diarrhoea. Some users also reported psychological symptoms such as restlessness, tension, anger, sadness, and nervousness. It is also worth mentioning that the average amount of the psychoactive compound, mitragynine, in a single dose of a Kratom drink, used in this study, was 79 mg, suggesting an average daily intake of 276.5 mg. Regular users who consumed ≥3 glasses Kratom per day, had higher odds of developing severe Kratom dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and inability to control Kratom craving.

What users say

There are forums23-24 and websites that rate Maeng Da as the strongest Kratom strain and that users describe their experiences after preparing and taking Maeng Da in several ways such as toss and wash, in the form of tea or chocolate drink or in the form of powder or capsules. Some worth mentioning and well described cases are: 1) the consumption of 10g Maeng Da powder from a ~130lbs man, who was feeling the main effects of euphoria and high energy for about 1 hour, experienced side effects of nausea, nodding off and frequent urination and had the feeling of sedation afterwards and 2) the preparation of 2 cups of tea, containing 6g of Maeng Da powder from a woman of about 97.5kg who consumed it in about 10min. Within 20min she had a strong sense of euphoria and felt more extroverted and talkative. Later the euphoria faded out into a relaxation feeling for about 1 hour.  Green Leaf Kratom23, a website that sells Kratom, has also created a rating of the effects on the energy level, sedation, pain relief and grid with a scale from 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest) according to user’s experiences and we have summarized these data in Table 2.

Table 2. Summary of the effects rating of the three different strains of Maeng Da according to GreenLeafKratom.com. 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest.

Maeng Da varieties
Green White Red
Energy 9 7.5 2
Sedation 1 3 7.5
Pain relief 6 4.5 9
Grid Fine Fine, Fine-Medium Fine

 

Tolerance to Kratom

It has been recorded in many studies that users who take Kratom regularly and for long periods may experience escalated effects, aversive withdrawal effects and develop tolerance towards it22.  To avoid that people have developed several methods. One is called “Rotation by Effects” and is a method that involves using alternating strains types (e.g. Mon. – Sedating, Tues. – Stimulating, Weds. – Sedating). The other is the “Rotation by Vein Color” method which is similar to the above method, but involves rotating by vein color (e.g. Mon. – Red, Tues. – White, Weds. – Green). Moreover, Magnesium supplementation is another way to keep kratom tolerance low and finally, exercise seems to have a cumulative effect, meaning that the more someone exercises the less tolerant he becomes to Kratom, another potentially health benefit it may have.

How to use Maeng Da

Summarizing, all the above data indicate that the dose, the preparation method, the physical condition, the duration of the consumption as well as many other factors determine the effects that Maeng Da can have to each one or the addiction or tolerance that someone can develop towards it. Starting from lower doses, playing with different preparation methods, alternating strains and experimenting with yourself seems to be the safest way to use Kratom either for medicinal purposes or for pleasure. Hopefully, more scientific studies and more detailed users descriptions in several forums will contribute to the safer and better consumption of Maeng Da or even to the development of medicines specifically targeted for the therapy of several diseases.

References

  1. https://www.salviaextract.com/blog/mitragyna-speciosa-kratom-beginners/
  2. https://www.salviaextract.com/blog/kratom-disputed-ancient-opioid-plant-debated-effects/
  3. Trakulsrichai S, Sathirakul K, Auparakkitanon S, Krongvorakul J, Sueajai J, Noumjad N, Sukasem C, Wananukul W Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015; 9():2421-9.
  4. Idayu NF, Hidayat MT, Moklas MA, Sharida F, Raudzah AR, Shamima AR, Apryani E Antidepressant-like effect of mitragynine isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth in mice model of depression. 2011 Mar 15; 18(5):402-7.
  5. Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2008;103(6):1048-1050.
  6. Vijeepallam K, Pandy V, Kunasegaran T, Murugan DD, Naidu M. Mitragyna speciosa Leaf Extract Exhibits Antipsychotic-Like Effect with the Potential to Alleviate Positive and Negative Symptoms of Psychosis in Mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2016;7:464. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00464.
  7. Pantano, F., Tittarelli, R., Mannocchi, G., Zaami, S., Ricci, S., Giorgetti, R., Marinelli, E. (2016). Hepatotoxicity Induced by “the 3Ks”: Kava, Kratom and Khat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(4)
  8. Kapp FG, Maurer HH, Auwärter V, Winkelmann M, Hermanns-Clausen M. Intrahepatic Cholestasis Following Abuse of Powdered Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2011;7(3):227-231. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0155-5.
  9. McIntyre IM, Trochta A, Stolberg S, Campman SC Mitragynine ‘Kratom’ related fatality: a case report with postmortem concentrations.J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Mar; 39(2):152-5.
  10. Lu J, Wei H, Wu J, Jamil MF, Tan ML, Adenan MI, Wong P, Shim W Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of mitragynine and its analogues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12):e115648.
  11. Sheleg SV, Collins GB A coincidence of addiction to “Kratom” and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med. 2011 Dec; 5(4):300-1.
  12. Karinen R, Fosen JT, Rogde S, Vindenes V An accidental poisoning with mitragynine. Forensic Sci Int. 2014 Dec; 245():e29-32.
  13. Azadeh Sabetghadam, Surash Ramanathan, Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Sharif Mahsufi Mansor Subchronic exposure to mitragynine, the principal alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa, in rats 2013 Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146;3
  14. Suwanlert, S., 1975. A study of kratom eaters in Thailand. Bulletin on Narcotics 27 (3), 21–27.
  15. Jansen, K.L.R., Prast, C., 1988a. Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 23, 115–119.
  16. Said, I.M., Ng, C.C., Houghton, P.J., 1991. Ursolic acid from Mitragyna speciosa. Planta Medica 57, 398.
  17. Chuakul, W., Temsiririkkul, R., Saralamp, P., Paonil, W., 1995. Thai Medical Plants: The National Wisdom. Amarin Printing and Publishing Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand.
  18. Watanabe, K., Yano, S., Horie, S., Yamamoto, L.T., 1997. Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an alkaloid with analgesic effect from Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa, on electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor. Life Sciences 60 (12), 933–942.
  19. Vicknasingam, B., Narayanan, S., Beng, G.T., Mansor, S.M., 2010. The informal use of ketum (Mitragyna speciosa) for opioid withdrawal in the northern states of peninsular Malaysia and implications for drug substitution therapy. International Journal of Drug Policy 21, 283–288.
  20. Norakanphadung, P., 1966. Pramuan Khuamru Ruang Yaseptit Hai Thot. Thanyarak Hospital, Bangkok.
  21. Kumarnsit, E., Keawpradub, N., Nuankaew, W., 2006. Acute and long-term effects of alkaloid extract of Mitragyna speciosa on food and water intake and body weight in rats. Fitoterapia 77, 339–345.
  22. Darshan Singh, Christian P. Müller, Balasingam K. Vicknasingam Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users 2014 Drug and Alcohol Dependence 139; 132-137
  23. https://drugs-forum.com/threads/maeng-da-thai-kratom.104845/
  24. https://www.reddit.com/r/kratom/comments/3fwt8r/red_maeng_da_will_i_enjoy_it/
  25. http://www.greenleafkratom.com/products-page-2/powders/new-maeng-da-powder/
  26. http://ensobotanicals.com/kratom/
Mitragyna Speciosa: Kratom For Beginners

Mitragyna Speciosa: Kratom For Beginners

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For thousands of years native farmers in Southeast Asia have benefitted from the vast healing properties of Mitragyna Speciosa; A.K.A. “Kratom” to the Western World. The mysteries of this local plant have been relatively unknown to much of the rest of us until recently; when America began seeing an influx of Kratom sales in the United States and started to witness the massive benefits this plant offers. With large pharmaceutical companies pushing new and improved versions of destructive and harmful medications, conscientious Americans have turned to this millennial old remedy as a healthier alternative; and for good reason.

Mitragyna Speciosa, or Kratom, is well known for numerous medicinal properties such as:

  • Pain relief
  • Minimizing the withdrawal symptoms of both opiate addiction and alcoholism
  • A unique source of natural energy
  • Boosting the immune system
  • Mood lifting
  • Anxiolytic (Anti-anxiety)
  • Fighting Depression and Insomnia
  • Nootropic (Cognitive Enhancement)
  • Anti-leukemic
  • Anti-Inflammatory
  • Anti-malarial
  • Lowering blood sugar safely

In addition to this grand list of medicinal properties; kratom has also been proven to possess a high vitamin content as well as being high in antioxidants. With an astounding resume such as this, one may wonder the downside. Well, there are none. Kratom has been proven safe to use, with no deaths or serious side effects reported to date. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and BEA (Botanical Education Alliance) both have been fighting back and forth to conduct scientific studies on the medicinal benefits; as well as to regulate sales and dosing. As with any supplement, the FDA actively seeks to validate claims of healing and to place kratom on a scheduled drug classification. As of now there are only a handful of states which deemed sales and possession illegal; but hopefully the lobbying by the BEA and other activists will reverse those decisions and put kratom back into the hands of patients in every state.

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When purchasing kratom it is easy to become confused by all the different strains and names it is sold under. There are truly only three strains; Red Vein, Green Vein, and White Vein, as well as three main effect categories: stimulating, sedating and moderate. Each strain holds different amounts of alkaloids and have different benefits based on the part of the plant it is derived from and the manner it is harvested. All kratom will have at least two names associated with it; for example, Red Borneo, Green Malaysian or White Bali. The first name distinguishes the strain, or part of the plant it is taken from, followed by the region it was grown in. Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Sunda Isles are a few of the major areas where mitragyna speciosa are native to.

When searching for a strain that is known for its pain-killing attributes, look for a red vein. The reason kratom is highly effective for pain relief are its two primary alkaloids: Mitragynine and 7-OH-mitragynine. These alkaloids have agonist activity at mu and delta opioid receptors; which effectively weaken the body’s perception of pain. Leaf alkaloid content varies from strain to strain; however the following have been proven most effective among consumers:

For anxiety, a Borneo strain is most desired. A Borneo strain has a subtle, yet powerful effect on destroying anxiety while promoting better sleep and is considered a more sedating strain. Other strains which have proven to be effective are both Red Indo and Red Bali. White Veins are excellent for combatting depression, and Thai, Maeng Da and Green Malaysian seem to be the favorites among kratom connoisseurs. Due to the immunostimulant alkaloids such as Isopteropodine, Isorhynchophylline, Isomitraphylline, and Mitraphylline found in kratom, many have learned to supplement it into their daily routine to boost their immune system from the common cold, flu, and even more serious conditions. For energy and focus both green and white vein are notably beneficial in a strain of Malaysian, Thai and Maeng Da.

It should be noted that alkaloids vary from plant to plant and strain to strain, so there is no set way to determine actual dosing amounts, or exact properties of each. As an active user and advocate for kratom, I use the rule of “less is more” even after two years of benefitting from its use. One to Two grams several times a day has been my personal dosage, yet individual results may vary due to each person’s own tolerance level and health. Even though no serious side effects have been reported, taking too much kratom at once has been known to cause nausea and intense headaches.

Kratom Effects: the disputed ancient opioid plant with the debated effects

Kratom Effects: the disputed ancient opioid plant with the debated effects

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Mitragyna speciosa is the scientific name of Kratom, a well-known tropical tree with a long history of traditional use in many parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Phillipines and New Guinea1,2. Kratom is a 4-16 meter high tree that belongs to the Rubiaceae or coffee family1,2 and is also known as Thom, Thang, Biak, Kakuam, Mambog, Ithang, and Ketum3,4 and there are different varieties of it with various stimulant, opioid or other effects5.  The most known varieties of Kratom that are sold on the internet are: Bali Kratom, Malaysian Kratom, red, green or white vein Thai kratom, Maeng Da Kratom, white-veined Borneo Kratom, New Guinea Kratom, Java Kratom, Sumatra red, the Rifat strain, the bumblebee strain, and red and green Riau6.

Historical uses of Kratom

Traditionally, in some Southeast Asian regions, the leaves of the tree were either chopped fresh or used dried and were used either for chewing or for tea preparation so as labor workers to combat fatigue and to become more productive7. Furthermore, it has long been used by people in Thailand or Malaya as a painkiller and opioid8. Nowadays, Kratom is actually consumed throughout the world for its stimulant effects and as an opioid substitute (in form of tea, chewed, smoked, in form of powder mixed with chocolate, milk or other ingredients or even ingested in the form of capsules).

Biochemical consistency of Kratom and registered effects

Several case studies have associated Kratom exposure with psychosis, seizures9, hepatotoxicity10, pulmonary and kidney injury11, cardiac12 or thyroid13 injury, other medical conditions, and deaths14. According to a recent study2 that analyzed one of the strongest varieties of Kratom, Maeng Da (Thai)15, different Kratom preparations may contain varying amounts of several phytochemicals, making their pharmacological and toxicological evaluation unique and difficult  (see Fig. 1).

Figure 1: An estimate of Thai kratom extract composition. The phytochemicals isolated from various parts of the tree include overall 40 structurally related alkaloids as well as several flavonoids, terpenoid saponins, polyphenols, and various glycosides2.

The debated effects of Kratom consumption

However, the clinical manifestations of Kratom effects are not well defined and the clinical studies are limited. Research data and many blogs and forums15-21 suggest that both positive and negative effects of Kratom exist.  The positive symptoms, according to some users include feeling relaxed, energetic, sociable, and euphoric. Other reports suggest that kratom increases sensory perception and users experience no pain22. On the other hand, the negative symptoms are mostly described as side effects or withdrawal symptoms that users mentioned. These effects are stomach ache, nausea and vomiting22, dry mouth, polyuria, anorexia, weight loss and frequent constipation7, tiredness and a loss of appetite23, and psychological symptoms such as hostility, aggression, anxiety, depressed mood, dysphoria, moodiness, annoyance, restlessness, visual alterations and unsteadiness24, low sexual drive, and irritability25, in addition to some other symptoms reported such as inability to work, muscle and bone pain, and jerky movements of the limbs7, and cold symptoms such as chills and sneeze. Some users also report symptoms like sweats, dizziness, vomiting, itching, mouth and throat numbness, and sedation24. One of the very characteristic cultural syndromes called the “rain panic,” which is of greatest concern for regular kratom users is the sense of frozen into the bone with muscle pain, joint aches, cough, sneezing, and trembling and was described by Saingam et al25.

More research on Kratom would reveal its benefits and its dangers

It is important to note that mortalities after Kratom consumption have been reported to occur in individuals with blood mitragynine concentrations between 0.45 and 1.0 μM26. Thus, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the safety of its consumption. For sure, more research about its’ pharmacokinetics and its’ side effects is needed and for the time being a careful intake would be wise.

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References

  1. Hassan Z, Muzaimi M, Navaratnam V, Yusoff NH, Suhaimi FW, Vadivelu R, Vicknasingam BK, Amato D, von Hörsten S, Ismail NI, Jayabalan N, Hazim AI, Mansor SM, Müller CP From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Feb; 37(2):138-51.
  2. Cinosi E, Martinotti G, Simonato P, et al. Following “the Roots” of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries.BioMed Research International. 2015
  3. Fluyau, Dimy, and Neelambika Revadigar. “Biochemical Benefits, Diagnosis, and Clinical Risks Evaluation of Kratom.”Frontiers in Psychiatry 8 (2017): 62. PMC. Web. 11 June 2017.
  4. Gruley B Is Kratom a Deadly Drug or a Life-Saving Medicine? BloomBerg December 2016 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-06-08/no-one-has-ever-made-a-corruption-machine-like-this-one
  5. Warner ML, Kaufman NC, Grundmann O (2016). “The pharmacology and toxicology of kratom: from traditional herb to drug of abuse”. J. Legal Med. (Review). 130 (1): 127–38.
  6. Raffa R.B.Kratom and Other Mitragynines: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source. CRC Press Taylor & FrancisGroup; Boca Raton, FL, USA: 2014.
  7. Suwanlert S A study of kratom eaters in Thailand. Bull Narc. 1975 Jul-Sep; 27(3):21-7.
  8. Ahmad K, Aziz Z Mitragyna speciosa use in the northern states of Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 May 7; 141(1):446-50.
  9. Nelsen JL, Lapoint J, Hodgman MJ, Aldous KM Seizure and coma following Kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure. J Med Toxicol. 2010 Dec; 6(4):424-6.
  10. Pantano, F., Tittarelli, R., Mannocchi, G., Zaami, S., Ricci, S., Giorgetti, R., … Marinelli, E. (2016). Hepatotoxicity Induced by “the 3Ks”: Kava, Kratom and Khat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(4)
  11. McIntyre IM, Trochta A, Stolberg S, Campman SC Mitragynine ‘Kratom’ related fatality: a case report with postmortem concentrations.J Anal Toxicol. 2015 Mar; 39(2):152-5.
  12. Lu J, Wei H, Wu J, Jamil MF, Tan ML, Adenan MI, Wong P, Shim W Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of mitragynine and its analogues using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12):e115648.
  13. Sheleg SV, Collins GB A coincidence of addiction to “Kratom” and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med. 2011 Dec; 5(4):300-1.
  14. Karinen R, Fosen JT, Rogde S, Vindenes V An accidental poisoning with mitragynine. Forensic Sci Int. 2014 Dec; 245():e29-32.
  15. https://www.salviaextract.com/blog/green-malaysian-the-most-popular-kratom-strain/
  16. http://www.sagewisdom.org/kratomguide.html
  17. https://azarius.net/encyclopedia/15/Kratom_Mitragyna_speciosa/
  18. http://ensobotanicals.com/truth-maeng-da-kratom/
  19. http://kratomguides.com/maeng-da-kratom-benefits-side-effects-dosage/
  20. http://discoverkratom.org/maeng-da-review/
  21. https://www.kratomscience.com/strains-effects-and-dosage/
  22. Swogger MT, Hart E, Erowid F, Erowid E, Trabold N, Yee K, Parkhurst KA, Priddy BM, Walsh Z Experiences of Kratom Users: A Qualitative Analysis. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2015 Nov-Dec; 47(5):360-7.
  23. Kapp FG, Maurer HH, Auwärter V, Winkelmann M, Hermanns-Clausen M Intrahepatic cholestasis following abuse of powdered kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). J Med Toxicol. 2011 Sep; 7(3):227-31.
  24. Singh D, Narayanan S, Vicknasingam B Traditional and non-traditional uses of Mitragynine (Kratom): A survey of the literature. Brain Res Bull. 2016 Sep; 126(Pt 1):41-46.
  25. Saingam D, Assanangkornchai S, Geater AF, Balthip Q Pattern and consequences of krathom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use among male villagers in southern Thailand: a qualitative study. Int J Drug Policy. 2013 Jul; 24(4):351-8.
  26. Saidin NA, Holmes E, Takayamab H, Gooderham NJ.The cellular toxicology of mitragynine, the dominant alkaloid of the narcotic-like herb, Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Toxicol Res (2015) 4:1173.
Green Malaysian Kratom – The Strongest Strain

Green Malaysian Kratom – The Strongest Strain

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Kratom, also known as Mitragyna Speciosa, Kratum or Keetum, is an evergreen tree, from the same family as the coffee tree (Rubiaceae), indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in traditional medicine since at least the nineteenth century, as a substitute for opioid painkillers, a sleep aid or as a recreational drug. The tree can grow to a height of 25 m (82 ft) tall, the trunk may grow to a 0.9 m (3 ft) diameter. The leaves are dark green and glossy, and can grow to over 14–20 cm (5.5–7.9 in) long and 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) wide when fully open. Its leaves produce a psychoactive effect which can range from stimulation to sedation, sometimes even both. The use of kratom goes back several thousand years, it has a long history of human usage and is legal in many countries, being available mostly in online shops and some random stores or even gas stations. It was first formally documented by Dutch botanist Pieter Willem Korthals in the early 19th century. Given the fact that it grew in distinctly different areas, the plant has evolved to adapt to its environment, developing different types of strains, effects ranging between leafs of each strain.

CLASSIFICATION

If you are new to kratom and are just learning, there is a lot of information out there and the majority of it is confusing. For one, you have all these options in front of you and it is really hard to choose a strain if you have no idea what to expect or what each strain helps you with. The most common misconception about kratom is it being mistaken for a “legal high”. There are different varieties of Mitragyna Speciosa strains available for purchase. Reputable vendors use the standard names for strains. The names for kratom leaves cosist of the country the tree is from, the region the plant was picked and the color of the leaves veins. For example “Green Vein Indo” would tell the user that the product is from a green veined leaf from a tree in Indonesia. The difference between red, green or white veins leaves are as follows:

The Red veins leaf:

These are your sedating strains. After the initial rush of energy, the calming effects take over. Red vein is often used for pain relief and as a substitute for opiate detoxing.  Some users report that it gives them a euphoric feeling.

The Green and White veins leaves:

These are the energetic strains, the white ones being slightly higher in energy. These leaves produce more stimulating effects than red vein varieties. Green vein leaves are known for providing clearer thinking as well as extra endurance, and is preferred by active people, such as athletes and labor workers. Some users have reported that green vein leaves have been useful for anxiety and depression symptoms.

The most popular of kratom strains are:

Green Malaysian – This is a very popular strain. Green Malaysian is a long lasting energizing strain. It is easier than some other strains to take due to its pleasant taste. It is considered on the more euphoric side of the effect scale. When taken, the kratom effects can last up to 8 hours for a beginner and around 3-4 hours for an experienced user.

Bali – Bali kratom effects are both relaxing and energizing. Higher doses of bali kratom tend to be more relaxing, while lower doses produce stimulating effects. For a new user, the kratom effects can last around 5-6 hours. Experienced users may feel the effects for around 3 hours.

Red Vein Bali – This strain is also known for its balanced alkaloid content. It has a unique taste and is a bit more sedating. Red Veined Bali is often used for pain relief due to its sedating effects. It is also effective for opiate detoxing.

Green Vein Bali – Green-Veined Bali is found in Borneo and Sumatra. It has a high alkaloid level that resembles Maeng Da. This Mitragyna Speciosa strain is becoming popular because of its balanced level of alkaloids. The kratom effects are said to be both relaxing and slightly stimulating with waves of euphoria. A perfect balance of energy and sedation.

Thai – Thai kratom is known for energizing effects and as a sexual stimulant. It lasts for about 4-6 hours. Because Mitragyna Speciosa trees were banned in Thailand in 1943, Thai strains are grown in other countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia.

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There is a big variety, a big number of kratom strains, but in this article I am only focusing on the Malay strain, the Green Malaysian Kratom, one of the strongest strains.

The Green Malaysian Also known as Super Green Malaysian, Premium Malay, SGM, the Green Vein Malaysian is very well known and a pretty unique strain, with potency almost rivaling that of Maeng Da (Thai), and it is well-rounded, long lasting,  and energetic. The leaves of Malay Kratom are typically oval shades and have a dark green color, with an average size of 100-180 mm width and length. The veins of Malay Kratom leaves are either greenish-red or greenish-white with the latter being more potent.

Effects

  • Natural, all-day energy.
  • Mental concentration and clarity.
  • Excellent pain relief throughout muscles and joints.
  • Relief of stomach issues.
  • Anxiety relief.
  • Stress relief.
  • Muscle relaxer.
  • Help achieving a normal sleep schedule.
  • Calm state of mind.
  • Less social fear.
  • Ease of conversation.
  • Relief for chronic conditions like arthritis.
  • Sense of optimism.
  • Feelings of euphoria.
  • Lowered blood pressure

Green Malaysian has long been known as one of the longest-lasting strains due to leaf cell-wall density. Many people have remarks on this strain’s unique nootropic effects, which, despite heavy stimulation, can increase focus and patience for quite long periods of time. Interestingly, these effects are typically only noticed in retrospect due to its smooth character of effects. It helps in relieving chronic pain and aiding problems like osteoporosis, backache, migraine, etc. The most commonly found alkaloid in Malay Kratom leaves is Mitragynine, which is not soluble in water but is soluble in traditional organic solvents. The leaves of Malay Kratom act as powerful antioxidants, enhance the human body’s immunity and fight off damaged cells. Malay Kratom is useful for fighting off various cancers, and users have reported a boost in their chemotherapy results after simultaneously taking it. The alkaloids in the leaves are necessary to enhance mood and improve one’s health and balance hormones. When a user consumes Kratom, in whatever form, the effects that place usually happen simultaneously, meaning that shortly after eating or drinking Kratom, the user will experience euphoria (depending on the type of Kratom) alongside a boost in energy, an increase in appetite, relief from pain, etc. The problem with experiencing all these effects together is that they all go away together when the effects subside. Its main effect is to give energy, a boost in senses and a feeling of heightened happiness, joy or euphoria, as well as relief from chronic pain. The people suffering from a lack of concentration, boredom at work, anxiety, stress, and depression can use it to fix these issues. Naturally, it is the perfect strain for workaholics or professionals or even students. Also those suffering from chronic pain such as arthritis, osteoporosis, migraines, backaches, sciatica, etc. can significantly benefit from Green Malay Kratom pain relief properties. The effects of green Malay Kratom are the most long-lasting, which means extended relief from pain, heightened concentration and a boost in mood.

Dosage

A gram is the minimum dosage of Green Malay Kratom, whereas users say that 10 grams are the maximum dosage that a person can enjoy. Anything more than 10 grams in a day can be harmful to the human body. Reports from users show that the typical strain of green Malay Kratom ranges from 2 – 6 grams, with the most commonly reported dosage being of 2.5 – 4 grams. Keep in mind that smaller doses result in a more energetic experience, while larger doses tend to produce more calming and slow-speed effects. Green Malay Kratom dosage can also be taken according to one’s weight. If your weight is less than 70 kg or 150 pounds, then you should consume 2 – 3 grams per day. If your weight between 150 – 200 pounds, then you should take 3 – 4 grams per day, which amounts to 1.5 – 2 teaspoons a day. For those weighing more than 200 pounds, it is recommended that they start with 5 grams of kratom, which is equal to two and a half teaspoons of Green Malay kratom. These dosages are for those who are not very sensitive to kratom and are suitable for those wishing to experience milder effects. A precaution that one has to take with Green Malay kratom, due to its high potency, is not to take it on an empty stomach. Always eat something and take it one hour after eating, so that it does not sit on an empty stomach because this can lead to nausea, vomiting, dizziness and lack of concentration. If you do wish to take it on an empty stomach, the dosage should be 2 grams.

Preparation

There are a few popular methods of using powdered leaf, but the most common are “toss and wash“, mixing with food, and preparation as a tea. Even soap, or capsules can be made of kratom. But first of all, the leaves must be turned into powder. You can simply crunch up the leaves in your bare hand, being careful to collect the resulting dust on a piece of paper laid out on the table. You can also add dried leaves to an empty pepper mill (preferably a new one so no remnants of other spices remain), and grind them into a powder, or a small food processor or blender can accomplish the task well, though be sure to account for some kratom dust getting stuck to the blades. Here are some simple usage metods:

  • “Toss and wash” is basically just spooning the powder into your mouth and washing it down with a liquid. This is the most “difficult” method but likely gives the strongest effects. The powder is incredibly dry and will stick to your mouth and throat, causing many to gag or cough “blow” the dry powder out of their mouth. If using this method of consumption, it is best to spoon small amounts at a time.
  • Kratom can also be mixed into a food. One can mix it with ice cream or apple sauce, or mixing with chocolate milk or protein shakes. Keep in mind that kratom has a strong flavor and may not mix well in certain foods. Also, you will not reduce the efficacy of kratom if you take it with small amounts of food.
  • Preparation as a tea is convenient and effective. It is important to note that only powdered leaf should be used to make tea. Extracts should not be used. Start by measuring out between 1 teaspoon of powdered leaf. Boil 2-4 cups of water. The more water you use, the less strong the flavor, but as long as you drink it all the effects will be exactly the same. Put the kratom powder into a large cup or container with a pour lip, and pour the boiling water on top. Stir until it is thoroughly mixed. Be sure there aren’t any clumps of dry powder. Adding sugar it’s highly recommended, artificial sweeter, or honey (honey works the best to cut the bitterness), and stir. If using artificial sweetener, 2 packets is a good starting amount. Let sit until cool (at least 15 minutes), stirring occasionally. Once cooled, allow the powder to settle to the bottom. Pour the tea into a drinking cup, and enjoy! At this point you can add more sweetener to taste, or add water or ice cubes to dilute the flavor. As long as you drink all of the liquid, the effects will be the same.

Negative effects

Before you decide to jump in and give Kratom a try, it is important that you know what to expect from this botanical. Kratom effects can seem contradictory to the uninformed user. If more than 10 grams of Green Malay Kratom taken in one day, its adverse effects include slurred speech, difficulty in keeping track of thoughts, jitteriness, fidgeting and inability to concentrate on one thing. It can also make one extremely hyper, excessively talkative, nauseous or dizzy, especially if one suffers from vertigo or chronic migraines. Other users have reported excessive itchiness, sweating and red rashes on their legs. This is why, unless you are extremely tolerant, not more than 10 grams of Green Malay Kratom should be taken in a single day.

The users of Kratom strains recommend the use of Green Malay strain to experience a feeling of wellness and be able to go about your daily chores with a great amount of mental alacrity and soundness. However since the market is rife with a few adulterated varieties, it is often wise to check claims before making a purchase. Green Malay Kratom, if used wisely, is not only light for your pocket but also promises a host of other benefits as well.